Perfecting your soil this fall

By nancyc on October 4, 2012

Whether you’re an avid vegetable gardener, a flower enthusiast, or just want a nice looking landscape, the secret to your success begins with your soil. Rather than simple and static, the soil is a dynamic environment. In an ideal situation, it is full of tiny plants and animals, microbial activity, and all of the organic processes that lead to healthy plant life.

Here are a few ways to tell if your soil is functioning properly, and if Monty’s Liquid Carbon Organic Soil Conditioner can help.

Look – The first step to assessing soil health is to simply look for clues.  By observing what is going on at the surface you will have a good indication of what is taking place throughout your soil profile.

Key things to look for include:

  • Large clods after tilling
  • Cracks in the soil as it dries
  • Bare patches or areas where vegetation won’t grow
  • Heavy weed population
  • Standing water after a rain
  • Persistent “wet spots” or mud
  • No, or few, earthworms, pill bugs, and other signs of healthy insects
  • Heavy thatch layer or plant debris that does not decompose after a season
  • Pale soil ranging from almost white to light brown.  Healthy soil should be a rich brown to black.

Touch – Dig in to your soil. This is the fun part of gardening and maintaining your landscape.  By actually getting your hands into the soil you can tell a lot about the make-up, tilth and texture of your soil.  Good quality soil should be loose and light. In the morning when moisture will be at its peak level, dig in a few inches and grab a small handful of soil. Clench your fist around the dirt and then open your hand.  What happens?

  • If it falls apart into small pieces the soil is lacking enough organic matter and is tending towards a sand content that is too high.
  • If it stays together in one large clod it is likely holding too much water and is primarily clay, which can lead to compaction problems and anaerobic conditions which will favor the formation of harmful bacteria.
  • If it forms one central clod that breaks apart easily with slight touch or movement, is encircled by loose, separate bits of soil, you are on your way to creating an ideal environment for most plants.

Finally, if you have problems even digging into your soil at least 5-6 inches, you know that you have compaction problems that need to be addressed.

Smell – This is one that you may not have thought about, however, with a little practice your nose can tell you much about the condition of your soil. Healthy soils should smell earthy and moist, almost like well-maintained compost. If, on the other hand, what you smell is flat or non-existent, if it smells like a stagnant pond, or if it smells somewhat acrid, you know that you have situations that need to be addressed.

Gardening Practices – Some gardening practices themselves actually can be harmful to soil, especially over time.  And, even beneficial gardening practices may be enhanced. If you are currently doing any of these things, consider using Monty’s Liquid Carbon to remediate, improve, or expedite your current practices.

Not all soils can be transformed into an ideal state, but they all can be improved. By observing, touching, and smelling your soil, and by analyzing your current lawn and garden activities you can begin to see where improvements can be made. By making simple, seasonal applications of Monty’s Liquid Carbon Organic Soil Conditioner, either in concentrate or with the new ready-to-spray bottle, you can maximize the potential of your soil and return it to a plant-friendly, vibrant environment.

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Understanding Soil Tests Pt. 2: Good Soil, Bad Test

By Dennis on April 25, 2011

We know that healthy soils have certain components like NPK, and trace elements like boron and manganese.  We know that under ideal conditions plants work with the soils to replenish them each year.  When that fails we fertilize, either based on ‘best guesses’, habit, or professional recommendations. As we discussed last week, soil tests are vital and I have argued strongly for them. However, as our body of knowledge increases, one thing is becoming clear;  standard soil tests may not be telling us everything that is going on in the soil profile.  You may already be using soil tests, or you may begin this year, but what if the information was incomplete? If the information is incomplete, then the conclusions would be faulty. 

Good Soil, Bad Test

Almost 90% of soil tests solicited by homeowners are standard tests and these are okay. Where they fail is their inability to tell you what is available for your plant to use.  They will indicate how many units of a given mineral or nutrient are present. What they will not show you is how many of those units are actually in a useable form.  

Think of it like this. I go to the ATM at my bank and insert my card then request an account balance.  The reciept shows two balances: my balance and my actual balance (my stated balance plus or minus any deposits or charges I have.  Now, if I act like my “Balance” is how much money I have in my account, I can end up with some serious problems.  The information is not wrong, it is jsut incomplete because some items have posted but have not cleared. In a similar way, what you need to see in your soil is not just what you have, but what your plants have access to.

Standard soil tests are not, in the truest sense, bad tests. They just provide incomplete data. The benefit of these types of soil tests, though, is that they are affordable and most people are familiar with them. For a traditional soil tests expect to pay about $10-15.

If you are looking for more information, for an additional $10-25, a more in-depth test, known as a water soluble extraction can be conducted.  According to Ken Pohlman, Agronomist and President of Midwest Labs, this test not only will indicate what minerals and nutrients are in your soil but what percentage of those elements can be readily utilized by the plants.  “Water extraction is a more sensitive test. It can indicate elements present even at lower levels.” It is not enough to know what elements are in your soils at any given time, though, that is better than no knowledge at all. You need to know how much is available in relation to the other nutrients present.  In corn for example, zinc is crucial.  Without it, other essential elements will go underutilized, decreasing the yield and quality of your stand.  Pohlman said. “Trace elements can be a limiting factor; without the proper balance, your yields can plateau. The key thing to remember is that fertility is a process not a destination.”  

Paul Leeds, soil specialist and farmer adds that this test “only has value if you can interpret it;” you have to know what you are looking for. If you know how to read the tests, are working with a lawn and garden consultant or have a knowledgeable independent garden store rep then Leeds says the pay-off will be immediate. “It is the difference between buying a Cadillac and a Yugo; this test gives you more for your dollar. There are things that I will never catch on the basic test that I can catch utilizing the water soluble test.” 

Even more highly specialized tests can be conducted for nominal fees. Among information you may want to test for, consider these:  Texture Analysis, Cation Exchange Capacity, Micronutrients, and Organic Matter (OM). If you are seeding a brand new lawn, have not tested in several years, or are growing  flowers or plants for competition then the additional costs can be justified.

While soil testing does present some variables, regular monitoring will give you comparative data you can use to make determinations about your needs. When determining the ‘value vs. expense’ question facing you in real-world applications, Paul Leeds related his experience on his own farm. “I spend a lot of money on fertilizer, but I can [save enough money to] pay for these tests by avoiding buying things I don’t need.  We no longer put money into nutrients that we already have.”

Monty’s Plant Food Company President, Dennis Stephens, says, “You cannot make blanket statements.  Some products, like Monty’s Liquid Fertilizer, may allow you to cut back on traditional fertilizer applications IF your soil is in basically good shape.  We emphasize that you must start with a soil test. Once we know what is happening beneath the soil-line, we can adequately feed the plant and help balance the environment in which it is growing.”  He added. “In many cases, slight adjustments to your amendments, either to the soil, or to the plant directly will allow you to maintain or increase your results for relatively little cost.”

 Once you have determined to spend the extra money on these advanced tests you need to have a snap shot in your mind of what healthy soils look like so that you can make some comparisons and determine what is needed to create the ideal growing conditions for your particular crop. You also need to know what keys to look for in your soil test. We will spend time on that issue more in depth in our next installment. If you are looking for additional information check with your local county extension agent, extension soil specialist, or contact www.midwestlabs.com or Monty’s Plant Food Company.

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Understanding Soil Tests: If a Pound of Nitrogen Falls to the Ground and It Isn’t Utilized, Did It Really Get Applied?

By Dennis on April 19, 2011

Okay, so maybe my title this morning is a bit Zen for a Tuesday. But it does bring up a very valid question. We head out each year and apply pound after pound of fertilizer, but is it doing us any good?  The answer lies in your soil test. So we are going to begina  three part series on attaining and understanding soil tests. Let’s begin.

Combine one-hundred pounds of N, thirty-five pounds of P, and 62 pounds of K. Mix thoroughly. Add a pinch of manganese, a dash of copper, zinc, and boron. Once items are combined, spread liberally over one acre of soil. It sounds like a gourmet concoction, something to rival Martha Stewart. It is for lawn and garden enthusiasts, the Holy Grail; a one-size fits all formula for row crops nationwide. It, also like the Holy Grail, probably does not exist. We would even settle for a formula, by region, if someone would just create one. Even if you tried to create such a formula, it would likely only serve as a recipe for disaster.

However, most gardeners tend to operate as if just such a recipe does exist. At the local garden center or at a table at the local breakfast nook or wherever gardeners gather, you can overhear conversations about what is working on one particular lawn or another. The following morning you can track the participants to the local big-box-store door as they try to order the same formulation, assuming it will work on their lawn or garden as it did on the county leader’s property.

The main problem with this theory is that land is a living organism, and far from being the static expanse we sometimes assume, there is a vibrant and delicately balanced network of nutrients, chemicals, and organisms that extends from the top soil through to the bedrock. Because of the way they are interlaced, you cannot change one without impacting another. The end result is soil from one side of your field to the other may be as vastly different as soil from Montana is from Alabama.

We recognize the differences between states and maybe even within regions but we tend to treat similar plants under our care as if they all need the same ingredients. This, according the Paul Leeds, a soil specialist and farmer from Ontario, Canada just is not the case. The way the land has been used historically, the strata within the soil profile, topography, weather, and cultivation practices all work to determine what surpluses and shortages are contained within each section of land.

Leeds recommends that all farmers begin to know their soils by conducting a soil sample, then sending the sample to a reputable lab for analysis. Dr. Tony Provin with Texas A&M extension provides the following guidelines:

  • 1)      In fields up to 40 acres, collect at least 10 to 15 cores or slices of soil, from evenly distributed locations across the region being sampled, per composite sample. Because soils are variable, it is important to obtain enough sub-samples to ensure a representative composite sample. The greater the number of cores in your sample the more representative or reliable the results will be of your total landscape.
  • 2)      Unusual problem areas should be omitted or sampled separately. To properly diagnose the causes of poor crop production, collect separate composite samples from the good and poor growth areas. Do not include soil from the row where a fertilizer band has been applied.

  • 3)      Traditionally, soil samples are collected to a depth of 6 inches from the soil surface (after non-decomposed plant materials are pushed aside). Surface accumulation (stratification) of phosphorus and lime (calcium) from prior surface applications can dramatically alter soil test data. Stratification is of particular concern in parts of the landscape that are not generally tilled or disturbed (such as lawns) or in areas that receive limited rainfall or supplemental water. In these instances, sampling depths need to increase from 3 to 9 inches.

Once samples have been gathered, combine them in a large, clean tub and stir until all samples are thoroughly combined. Fill the sample bag or other suitable container with approximately 1-2 pints of a composite soil sample. Any suitable container can be used for the sample, but it is important to complete the information sheet and follow the instructions for collecting and mailing samples.

Once an adequate sample has been gathered, then you need to select a lab to analyze your soils, and to provide you with comprehensive results. Leeds advises that when you are selecting a lab you consider the following:

  •  History and Reputation
  •  Variety of Tests Available
  •  Reports are Clear, Concise, Easy to Interpret
  •  Lab has Staff Qualified to Make Recommendations Based on Report
  • Familiarity with Your Particular Type Of Soil

 Most Land Grant Universities offer testing services and you can obtain additional information through your local county extension office. Additionally, there are many national and regional private labs that will survey your soils, even some fertilizer and nutrient companies have working relationships with particular laboratories if you consult with your company representative. (Expect to spend at least $15 per sample) All soil tests and all reports are not created equally, in our next installment we will analyze the different types of tests and reports commonly available.

 The goal is to bring your soils in balance so that they have the proper nutrition to maximize your production and quality while lowering your input costs. Calcium is great, but without enough manganese to metabolize it, any calcium you amend may be wasted. Similar statements can be made about any fertility product, macro- or micro-nutrient which you may add. Worse than not adding any amendments to your field is to add them, at times at considerable expense, only to find out later that they were unnecessary or under-utilized by the plants. The important thing is to realize that all soils are different, state-to-state, yard-to-yard, even year-to-year within the same lawn and without an accurate snapshot of your field’s condition you cannot make the best decisions about your Lawn or Garden.

It is possible to return, or increase, fertility to your landscape. But before you can improve the environment in which your plants will be grown, you must first know where you are beginning. Once you are armed with the knowledge of your fertility needs you can make the best, and most economical, decisions to promote healthier, stronger, and more productive vegetation.

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Is Gardening Really Worth it?

By Dennis on May 17, 2010

That seems like an odd question to be asking here on a gardening and plant blog.  But I am an accidental gardener and a full-time marketing and communications person. So, ultimately, every question in my career comes down to an ROI, or return on investment, question.  You know, the stuff they teach in Business 101 classes; things like state your goals, make sure they are measurable, blah blah blah.  So, with that as my filter and with summer produce starting to appear in the grocery store at sale prices, I started wondering, “Is all this really worth it?”

First, as a primer, I recommend you check out these web stories.  The first from Purdue University then there is this one from our friends over at MSN.  Both come to this conclusion, it depends.

I must say that I would agree.  Some vegetables, from a purely economic standpoint, just are not worth the time and investment.  Once you account for your time, the equipment necessary, the land that could be used for something else (opportunity cost, thank you Adam Smith), etc., it can be hard to break-even on a modest size garden.  As you move to a larger garden and if you have family members to help you, then you can get some economies of scale but the costs can still be rather high for some fixed inputs like seed.

Here are some things to consider:

  • A good tool is worth it’s cost.  Don’t settle for cheap tools.  Buy quality, Buy Once.  I, myself, have opted to only add to my tool collection a little at a time.  My first year I only bought what I absolutely had to have.  A shovel, hoe, rake, two hand tools, and two garden hoses (later that fall after learning the need for one, I splurged for a wheel-barrow after an unexpected windfall left me with an extra $75 in my pocket.  It was ‘found money’ and i would have used it on Dr. Peppers, or i-tunes anyway…I figured this was a better use.)  By buying nicer tools, I am relatively assured that they will be here for several seasons and will perform as desired, hold their edge, and not break down. Y0u can get some really good heirloom quality hand tools here. (after three seasons, I have zero complaints).  I am still hoping to be able to splurge for a tiller in the near future from craigslist but so far I have not found what I am looking for at a cost that seems reasonable for a tool I would use a handful of times throughout the year.
  • When figuring your costs, some things can be spread over several seasons.  Garden hoses for example (each of mine were contractor grade and cost between $25 and $30) will not be used up after one season.  If taken care of, they should last for at least 5 seasons so my real cost is only $5-6 per year.  My wheel barrow was almost $75 dollars but I expect to use it more than a decade so again my costs will avg less than $10 per season.
  • Your consumable inputs – things you use, use up, then have to replace – are the real budget busters so look to save wherever you can.  If possible buy seeds rather than plants, buy seeds in bulk rather than pre-packaged, shop on-line or from catalogue centers.  I also highly recommend one in particular, Berlin Seeds in Berlin, Ohio.  They are Amish, so don’t expect to e-mail them an order or have online shopping capabilities.  But their catalogues are wonderful and their quality is very high.  Plus their integrity above impeachment.  Call and ask to be put on their mailing list @ 1-877-464-0892. The catalogues are not only full of seeds, bulbs, etc., but also have loads of gardening tips passed down from generations of Amish families and farmers. Finally, look for natural remedies with household products for controlling weeds and insects.
  • Improving your soil should be looked at as a process, not a quick fix.  Sure, you can do the quick fix thing, but it will be VERY expensive.  Compost and manures are availble for free if you are willing to do your homework. Monty’s Liquid Carbon can also help expedite the process.  Work with your county extension agent to do a soil test, and to find out what plants perform well in your area.  Some plants, or some varieties of plants, just won’t grow in your climate/soil.  Start by working with what nature gives you and amend your garden to your needs a section at a time.

Here are the break-outs of some costs  I have incurred while getting my gardening lifestyle up and going.

  • Hoses (3)                           $  25.00 ea
  • Seed packets                    $    1.29 each
  • Seed (bulk)                       $     1-3 per pound  1/4 to 1/2 pound has been more than enough for anything I have grown.
  • Hoe                                     $  19.00  Local Hardware store
  • Rake                                   $  22.00 Local Hardware store
  • Hand-tools                      $ 7-21.00 plus shipping from Wilcox All Pro Tools
  • Wheel Barrow                $ 72.00    From Local farmer’s Co-op
  • Compost and manure $ FREE     worked with county gov. and some local farmers. All it cost me was time.
  • Chemicals                        $ 24.00 qt.   I use these very sparingly, and mainly for weed control in spring or fall. Once I have crops in the garden I hand weed.  Insect control,  I use household products, hand remove slugs, beetles and eggs and pray alot.
  • Water                                 $   3.00 per month – This is about the difference in my water bill once my garden is in.  I make sure my garden receives at least 1 inch of moisture per week.  I would rather pay for a little bit of water and make sure I get to harvest a crop.  For example, last season, my neighbor who is an old-timer and firmly believes that God will send all the water that the plants need and he “ain’t about to waste money watering no plants” got about 1/3rd – 1/2 less produce last summer than I did, even though his garden, by all rights, looks better than mine.
  • Fertilizer              $  75.00 per season.  I use Monty’s three formulas exclusively and the quart bottles are more than enough to get me through the season. Even though I spoon feed them at least twice a week.
  • Pump Sprayers  $10-25   I own two.  The first one cost me almost $25  last season and nothing goes in it but herbicides.  I strongly believe in segregating between ‘death chemicals’ – herbicides etc… and ‘life chemicals’ – my liquid fertilizers and soil conditioners.  This season, though, when I bought my second sprayer the price had fallen dramatically to only $10.00 for the same size/same brand/same store.

In season, it may be hard to feel like it makes financial sense to garden, after all produce is coming in from producers who have economies of scale and can sale things more cheaply than you can raise them.  BUT, keep an eye on the savings in the fall and winter because that is when you savings will really add up.  For example, this year at Christmas all of our side dishes came from our own garden.  Tomatoes and onions that were near two dollars a pound and kinda mealy at the store were fresh, ‘free,’ and as close as my pantry and freezer.  Ditto that for my daughter’s recent birthday.  Plus, there is a sense of pride that overwhelms you when you sit down to fresh frozen okra at supper while the snow is piling up outside.

Now, I realize that this has reduced things to a mere economic question and there are myriad other reasons like health, quality, accessibility, exercise, and sheer enjoyment that are hard to quantify.  But if you garden smart, and grow slowly, you can make gardening worth it, not only for the food you receive but for the pleasure and the satisfaction of a job well done.

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4 Reasons to Test Your Soil Now.

By Dennis on September 30, 2009

Right now is an excellent time to conduct a soil test. For more information on how to do an adequate soil test and for directions on submitting soil for testing, you can check with your local County Extension Office or click here for an excellent in-depth article on how to conduct a soil test.

That should take care of the ‘how’ buWhat's In Your Soilst how about the ‘why’.  Fall makes an excellent time to do you soil test for several reasons.

1. You were always on my mind – You know where your garden produced and where it struggled, you can still remember the exact location of brown patchy grass in mid-summer.  Those problem areas may have some soil or nutrient based problems.  Remembering where they are is a good first step to fixing them.

2. If I only had the time – Now that you are out of the heat and rush of in-season activity this is one chore that is easy to do and gives you an excuse to get your hands in the dirt one last time before winter sets in. This chore is one that is easy to overlook in the rush of planting, fertilizing, composting, harvesting, etc. So now, while you have the time, get a small spade and a bucket and enjoy the brisk fall air.

3. Do it right, Do it once–  My dad always told me, “Son, if you don’t have time to do it right, when will you have time to do it over?” Honestly, it aggravated me then but it makes sense. Timing is everything and during the early days of fall your soil is in the ideal condition for testing: moisture is adequate, soil temperature is in the ideal range (60-75 degrees F), and pH levels are most likely to be properly reflected.  You would hate to base decisions on faulty information, right now your soils are most likely to reveal the truth about itself.

4. Time, pt. 2– Not only do you need time, but your soils need time.  If your test indicates any issues that need to be addressed there will still be time to amend those situations and allow the corrections to take place over the next 4-6 mos. before spring arrives.  If you wait till spring, by the time you get your tests back you will be wrist deep in planting and may put off the needed corrections. PLUS, your soils won’t have time to incorporate the improvements and make all of the new nutrients available to the plants. So another year goes by with less than ideal results.  For example, if your pH is too acidic, adding calcium is easy but it will take your soil a full 18 mos. to fully incorporate it.  By starting now, at least some of the calcium can be broken down by spring and start to provide relief.  Remember to lower soil pH add calcium; to elevate it, add sulfur.

Soil tests are fairly easy to do and by knowing your soil types and condition you can choose the best plan, and the best plants to grow the garden of your dreams.  So, get started today and you will be well on your way to a more beautiful, more vibrant, more productive garden or landscape next spring.

BTW, once you receive your soil test results back, if you have compaction issues, then we recommend Monty’s Liquid Carbon.  If you just need a dose of nitrogen then look to Monty’s 4-15-12 or Monty’s 2-15-15 at this time of year.

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